Is 'human error' ever acceptable as a cause? I find this topic fascinating. Having read all opinions so far, I am going to be a bit foolish and try to condense what I have read into two opposite but complimentary notions:
1. "Human error" is a weak conclusion, because all we can go a step further to find out why people make decisions and try to engineer out the opportunities to, or consequences of, making these "mistakes".
2. Unreliability of humans is "inevitable". We are, after all, "general practitioners" in this world. We have wide skills but can't be perfect at any of them.
What I see in safety management are conversations dominated by an approach focussed almost entirely on managing hazards. People aren't allowed to "own" risk. We want to withhold ownership, because we are responsible and may be personally liable. Something a bit different is needed. We rarely see conversations about enabling workers to take ownership of whatever residual risk remains after what is "reasonably practicable" has been done.The post above by Brian Parker about a driver not securing a load is a good example of where we cannot hold onto the ownership. As Brian says, the drivers work alone and the variables of securing loads are huge, if not infinite.
I don't at all like using "personal accountability" as a way of scaring workers into thinking about what they are doing. It's just a type of blaming. But I think the concept of risk is something all humans are naturally good at. All animals, particularly wild ones do it, and they are highly conservative about it.
When I give training in hazard and risk management, I get groups to intuitively rank hazards as to "how bad" they are. Then, we do the risk calculating thing (two versions) and invariably, the rankings come out very similarly compared to the intuitive way. We may have created risk assessment tools, but they are no use at all minute by minute. The good news is that we use that intuition constantly and we're good at it. But we don't like to talk to workers about how to take reasonable risks.
I'm suggesting that a no-blame conversation should be going on all the time that literally lets go part of the control and lets workers own it. When I was teaching my daughter to drive, she had a tendency to feel stressed while waiting to pull out of T junctions. Confidence grows with experience, but what I said to her was classic risk management: "It may be unlikely that you will get T-boned pulling out, but if you do, you could be dead. So unless you have almost 100% certainty, don't do it". Notice, I didn't say "You'd be stupid to rush, so I don't ever want to see you do that". I think, (at least I hope), I gave her ownership and some basic thinking skills.
I believe that sort of approach is missing in traditional safety management. It would take time, but we're only talking about residual risk. I'm not flying this as a panacea, but I believe it has its place. It's about instilling responsibility, not accountability, giving recognition and support to workers when they haven't yet reached a level of certainty, and placing importance on their own decision-making. I'd be interested in other comments about this suggestion.