Check out the decision in WorkSafe NZ v Rentokil Initial Limited in 2016. The following are extracts from the decision in the District Court. (Suppressed was the name of the employee). The full decision can be downloaded from the Chief Judge of the DC website.
"[18] In 2007 the defendant established a policy requiring candidates for specific roles, including [suppressed], to be tested to establish whether they were immune to Hepatitis B as part of the pre-employment screening process. If the candidate was not immune to Hepatitis B, the defendant would offer the candidate Hepatitis B vaccination."
"[24] Upon investigation by WorkSafe, it was established that [suppressed] and one other employee, who started in 2014, were not offered vaccination against Hepatitis B at the outset of their employment."

I agree with pretty much all of the above. And Sheri had it nailed with her comments three weeks ago. However, I draw attention to the following on page viii of ISO45001:
"This document contains requirements that can be used by an organization to implement an OH&S management system and to assess conformity. An organization that wishes to demonstrate conformity to this document can do so by:
• making a self-determination and self-declaration, or
• seeking confirmation of its conformity by parties having an interest in the organization, such as customers, or
• seeking confirmation of its self-declaration by a party external to the organization, or
• seeking certification/registration of its OH&S management system by an external organization."
An external auditor might add value but so might customers, suppliers, sub-contractors, competitors, trade bodies, and other "interested parties". Their comments and feedback might be very illuminating!
I'm in the middle of a project on developing guidance for a trade body on an aspect of safety using ISO Annex SL (the base framework for all management system standards) for the framework. This means a user will be able to take the content and apply it to any relevant standard, including ISO450001, ISO9001, ISO14001, etc.

Well said Paul.
Sometimes just the abstract can be read in Google Scholar but even that may give some useful clues.

Perhaps I should have made this two posts. I agree about the opacity of academic language. When marking my students' assignments I give marks for good plain English.
But there was a second part to my post, repeated here so it doesn't get lost.

One of my academic research interests is the use of "grey literature". For example, the UK Health and Safety Executive research reports are often very helpful to me.
So, my question is: What sources do you use that is open access but reliable?

Read section 5 of the Private Security Personnel and Private Investigators Act.
I don't think it applies to investigations of incidents/events of the sort that we would investigate.

I have most of the following in my library. Most are out of print but can be found in secondhand bookshops. The book by Eves was published by IOSH and is really good but I don't have it. I think Grayland may have written a second book on the same subject.
Cawthorne, N. (2004). 100 Disasters that Shook the World. Arcturus Publishing Ltd.
Eves, D. (2010). Disasters: Learning the lessons for a safer world. IOSH Services Ltd.
Grayland, E. (1957). New Zealand Disasters. A H & A W Reed.
Kennett, F. (1975). The greatest disasters of the 20th century (1st ed.). Marshall Cavendish Publications Ltd.

Some great comments above!
I think the "decluttering" idea emerged from an academic paper in 2018 (Rae, A., Provan, D., Weber, D. E., & Dekker, S. (2018). Safety clutter: the accumulation and persistence of ‘safety’ work that does not contribute to operational safety. Policy and Practice in Health and Safety, 16(2), 194-211. https://doi.org/10.1080/14773996.2018.1491147).
Last year I did an online presentation on the subject and will revise, reuse and record the slideshow for my Victoria University OHS Master's students in March. I can make a link to the recording available when it is done if anyone is interested.
Preferably email me direct at christopherdotpeaceatvuwdotacdotnz

Two comments.
I have seen a chain link curtain that is heavy enough to stop birds, and allows a person to see and walk through. The chains were well made and probably would not snag on trolleys, stock or people.
Your question reminded me of an incident in 1978 in Bristol when the plastic curtain strips were being scratched by fork lift trucks to the point where they became opaque. A fork lift truck driver drove through and pushed an empty wooden pallet he could not see so that it slid and crushed the ankle and foot of a pedestrian against another pallet. This was bad enough but the pedestrian was a colleague who was an inspector.

This is something I get grumpy about! There is much free-to-access applied research that is easily accessible and that practitioners and professionals (especially) should be referring to. In some cases it might change the"professional judgement" of a practitioner/professional while in others it would strengthen a business case.
Accessing reliable research comes into what I am teaching at Victoria University and will also be in some of the webinars NZISM has asked me to run in 2021. It should be just part of growing into a professional.
Peter, no need to make my comments anonymous!

An update on my last post. I just catalogued another research report into Endnote. The report is:
Hewitt, S. (2010). Triaxial measurements of the performance of anti-vibration gloves. Health and Safety Executive [Research Report RR0795]. https://www.hse.gov.uk/research/rrhtm/index.htm
The report summary says:
"The aim of this investigation is to either confirm or challenge the assertion made by a particular machine manufacturer, that the glove they supply will provide useful attenuation of the vibration generated by their hand-held power tool products".

Hi all.
I've been recording all 1,161 HSE research reports in Endnote (proprietary software). A search has found 16 that include "vibration" as a keyword. Some may be helpful.
If one of the reports seems interesting you will need to visit the website and then look for the report number (eg, for the first in the list below copy/paste https://www.hse.gov.uk/research/rrhtm/index.htm into your browser and then go to the list that includes report 613; click through to download the report).
To make life easier I'm planning to also include in the database the IOSH research reports (and any others I can find) and then in 2021 include their use when teaching Master's papers at Victoria University. This is part of helping practitioners become professionals.

Darby, A. (2008). Whole-body vibration and ergonomics toolkit. Health and Safety Executive [Research Report RR0612]. https://www.hse.gov.uk/research/rrhtm/index.htm
Darby, A., & Pitts, P. (2008). Whole-body vibration and ergonomics of driving occupations: Phase 2: Port vehicles. Health and Safety Executive [Research Report RR0613]. https://www.hse.gov.uk/research/rrhtm/index.htm
Heaton, R., Hewitt, S., & Yeomans, E. (2007). Correlation between vibration emission and vibration during real use: Fastener driving tools. Health and Safety Executive [Research Report RR0591]. https://www.hse.gov.uk/research/rrhtm/index.htm
Hewitt, S., Heaton, R., Shanks, E., & Mole, M. (2007). Correlation between vibration emission and vibration during real use: Polishers and sanders. Health and Safety Executive [Research Report RR0590]. https://www.hse.gov.uk/research/rrhtm/index.htm
Hewitt, S., & Mason, H. (2015). A critical review of evidence related to hand-arm vibration syndrome and the extent of exposure to vibration. Health and Safety Executive [Research Report RR1060]. https://www.hse.gov.uk/research/rrhtm/index.htm
Mitchell, R., Garner, K., & Vaghela, S. (2004). Implications of the Physical Agents (Vibration) Directive for SMEs. Health and Safety Executive [Research Report RR0267]. https://www.hse.gov.uk/research/rrhtm/index.htm
Pitts, P. (2008). Whole-body vibration of ground-preparation activities in forestry. Health and Safety Executive [Research Report RR0636]. https://www.hse.gov.uk/research/rrhtm/index.htm
Poole, K. (2009). A review of the literature published since 2004 with potential relevance in the diagnosis of HAVS. Health and Safety Executive [Research Report RR0711]. https://www.hse.gov.uk/research/rrhtm/index.htm
Poole, K., & Mason, H. (2006). Temporary threshold shifts as indicators of hand­arm vibration exposure. Health and Safety Executive [Research Report RR0479]. https://www.hse.gov.uk/research/rrhtm/index.htm
Poole, K., & Mason, H. (2008). Data mining in a HAVS referral population. Health and Safety Executive [Research Report RR0666]. https://www.hse.gov.uk/research/rrhtm/index.htm
Poole, K., & Mason, H. (2008). Upper limb disability and exposure to hand-arm vibration in selected industries. Health and Safety Executive [Research Report RR0666]. https://www.hse.gov.uk/research/rrhtm/index.htm
Poole, K., Mason, H., & Mcdowell, G. (2008). The influence of posture and environmental temperature on the diagnostic ability of finger systolic blood pressure. Health and Safety Executive [Research Report RR0665]. https://www.hse.gov.uk/research/rrhtm/index.htm
Scarlett, A. (2007). Whole-body vibration on self-propelled forage harvesters: Evaluation of emission and estimated daily exposure levels. Health and Safety Executive [Research Report RR0544]. https://www.hse.gov.uk/research/rrhtm/index.htm
Scarlett, A., Price, J., & Semple, D. (2005). Whole-body vibration on agricultural vehicles: evaluation of emission and estimated exposure levels. Health and Safety Executive [Research Report RR0321]. https://www.hse.gov.uk/research/rrhtm/index.htm
Shanks, E. (2007). Correlation between vibration emission and vibration during real use: Nibblers and shears. Health and Safety Executive [Research Report RR0576]. https://www.hse.gov.uk/research/rrhtm/index.htm

Hi Michelle and other colleagues
I just checked the split for the paper I'm teaching for the MA at Victoria University this trimester. The split is almost exactly 50/50 with 9 male and 11 female students.
And while 12 are Kiwis, the others are quite a multinational group.

in June 1975 I caught a train from Rugby to London and found I was sitting with Jeremy Stranks for an hour. I had graduated in 1974 and done a diploma in air pollution control. As an EHO I was enforcing the UK HSWA 1974. Jerry told me that H&S was going to be an important area of work and persuaded me to do the then Coventry Technical College Diploma in H&S.
Two years, 36 weeks each year, two nights a week, three hours each evening.
No regrets.
Jerry is still going but his book is a bit old school.

The US Chemical Safety Board has videos of investigations they carried out. The links are posted at:
https://www.csb.gov/videos/ I will try to find some clips to use in the two occupational health and safety papers I'm teaching at Victoria University.
And the book about Chernobyl is brilliant.

Hi Natalie, you could try the paper I am teaching at Victoria University of Wellington!

HLWB509 "Identification, Assessment and Control of Hazards and Risks" is a single semester paper that starts on Monday. Officially enrolments have closed but you might get in if you enrol before midnight today, 9 July.

The paper forms part of the Master's in Health (details at https://www.wgtn.ac.nz/explore/postgraduate-programmes/master-of-health/overview). More on the paper itself is at https://www.wgtn.ac.nz/courses/hlwb/509/2020/offering?crn=31036.

The paper is taught entirely online. I have created a full handbook, and I'm videoing interviews and interesting clips. If you do the paper and do other papers you could earn the Master's!

Phone me on 0274713723 if you want to know more.

Chris
Lecturer in Occupational Health and Safety

HSWA section 36(3)(f) requires "provision of ... instruction ..." and section 61 requires "practices that provide reasonable opportunities for workers who carry out work for the person having control of a business or undertaking to participate effectively ..." I think toolbox meetings fit these requirements provided workers are able to participate (eg, Q&A).
Toolbox meetings may fit best with work that is carried out intermittently, or that requires a permit-to-work and in many situations a toolbox meeting might be the simplest way of making sure that workers are reminded of the work practices they should/should not follow in a given situation. It s not a substitute for appropriate training.
Should those present be asked to sign the minutes? That might not be practicable. The minutes might not be available to sign for a day or so and might not include all that was said. Could the meeting be recorded (audio or video)? I would certainly be reasonable to have an attendance list, especially if the work is high risk.

A few years ago I looked at each of the Australian, UK and NZ numbers for the "value of a statistical life" (VOSL) - what we should be willing to pay to prevent one statistical death. A statistical life is not you, your child or (for me) any of my grandchildren. After allowing for the exchange rates at that time each of the values was about NZ$ 4.5 million.
Working as a consultant, my advice to clients was to inflate that to $5 million. Sometimes this caused a change in a system of work, sometimes no change because the number was too large. One client doubled that value to $10 million to force through change. So how much should Pike River been willing to spend on the ventilation system to remove methane? Each shift normally had 30 workers underground. Should they have been willing to spend 30 x $5 million = $150 million? I think the cost of the system was about $2 million. A bargain, unless that would bankrupt the business. Are you then entitled to gamble workers' lives?
Now working as a Lecturer in OHS at Victoria University I am revising the content of the Master's paper on "Hazard and risk" in trimester 2. As part of the teaching I will ask a health economist to talk to the students about the concepts of VOSL and alternatives such as Disability adjusted life years and their application to "reasonable" in the reasonably practicable test.
Perhaps the ultimate valuation test is to get your CEO to think how they would feel if being cross-examined by Crown Law in a prosecution following one or more fatalities. Ask them how much they would wish they had spent. Unsurprisingly, economists refer to this as regret. Read Kahneman's book "Thinking, fast and slow" for more on that.
PS, Victoria has a free fees offer in trimester 2 for study. It's subject to conditions but could be worth using for CPD.

My response would be that she or he needs to think about how they meet the objectives of their client, other workers and the law. There might be a way that meets them all.
Example: running up and down, and moving a ladder might be tiring and inefficient. Using tower scaffolding might be less tiring and more efficient.
Think safe system of work in section 36(3).

See section 29(2)(b) and (c) of the Health and Safety at Work Act. What you're describing is illegal, WorkSafe could prosecute the two parties and no court would uphold a claim by one against the other.

I agree with pretty much all of the above. But nobody cited the definition of health in the Health and Safety at Work Act. It "means physical and mental health".
So, anything that could cause mental ill-health must be dealt with under section 36(3)(a) "... work environment that is without risks to health ...". Given the allegations about misconduct in Parliament I wonder if the MPs and officials who wrote the Act thought about that. Sexual harassment and abuse can result in lifelong harm, just as much as physical trauma.
In the first semester I'm teaching Principles of Health and Safety Management at Victoria University (part of the new MA in OHS programme) and have asked a Health Psychologist colleague to talk during the Block Course about mental health and its place in OHS management.
PS. Professor Joanne Crawford, the WorkSafe Professor of OHS arrived this week. Yay!!!